Каких врачей нужно пройти в 1 годик мальчику: 6 обязательных специалистов, необходимые анализы

Посещение врачей в 1 год жизни ребенка: обязательный перечень медосмотров

Посещение врачей в 1 год жизни ребенка: обязательный перечень медосмотров

Посещение врачей в 1 год жизни ребенка: обязательный перечень медосмотров Детское здоровье требует пристального внимания родителей и специалистов – нельзя пренебрегать медосмотрами малыша. Каких врачей важно посетить в 1 год жизни крохи?

После выписки из роддома первая встреча новорожденного с врачом происходит дома: малыша посещает педиатр и патронажная сестра. Они открывают медкарту ребенка, в которую заносят основные показатели малыша: вес, окружность головы и груди, отмечают способ вскармливания.

Педиатр знакомит родителей с графиком плановых посещений поликлиники, рекомендует приходить в «дни здорового ребенка» во избежание риска заразиться какой-либо инфекцией.

 

При посещении врача необходимо взять с собой пеленку,
сменный подгузник, питье и еду для ребенка, игрушки и соску.

 

Примерный график посещений

1 месяц
Ребенка осматривают  педиатр, офтальмолог, хирург, ортопед и кардиолог. Чтобы удостовериться в состоянии здоровья малыша, отсутствии заболеваний и отклонений от нормы развития, рекомендуется УЗИ тазобедренных суставов,  нейросонография и эхокардиография сердца. Если малыш не болен, ему делают вакцинацию: вторую прививку гепатита В.

2 месяца
Плановый прием у педиатра.

3 месяца 
Плановое посещение педиатра, невролога и отоларинголога. Также ребенку делают прививку – первую вакцинацию АКДС.

4 месяца
Посещение педиатра.

4,5 месяца
Делается вторая вакцинация АКДС.

5 месяцев
Плановый прием у педиатра.

6 месяцев
В этом возрасте малыша показывают неврологу, офтальмологу, хирургу, ортопеду и педиатру. Ребенку делают 2 прививки: третью АКДС и третью против гепатита В, – а также назначают анализы крови и мочи.

7 месяцев
Плановое посещение педиатра.

8 месяцев 
Плановый прием у педиатра.

9 месяцев
Посещение педиатра и стоматолога.

10 месяцев
Плановый прием у педиатра.

11 месяцев
Плановое посещение педиатра.

12 месяцев 
Ребенок посещает невролога, хирурга, ортопеда и педиатра. Также малышу предстоит проба Манту и прививка против кори, краснухи и свинки (паротита), а еще в обязательном порядке – назначение анализов крови и мочи, кала на яйца глист.

 

Если невролог выявляет нарушения  в развитии ребенка, он может
рекомендовать в качестве лечения массаж, физиотерапию или прием медикаментов.

 

Что проверяют специалисты во время приемов

Посещение педиатра
Оно включает в себя взвешивание ребенка, измерение его роста, окружности груди и головы. Врач осматривает горло малыша, уши и нос на предмет воспалений и покраснений, прослушивает сердце, проверяет живот ребенка. Также педиатр оценивает общее развитие крохи, консультирует по введению прикорма.

Посещение невролога
Невролог оценивает степень развития неврологических функций ребенка, состояние мышечного тонуса, двигательное и психическое развитие, выявляет возможные признаки нарушений. Также доктор осматривает родничок крохи, измеряет окружность головы и груди.

В оценке развития малыша невролог интересуется течением беременности и родов. Перед приемом у этого специалиста родителям необходимо обратить внимание на привычки малыша, его сон, не дрожит ли подбородок, как ребенок держит ручки и ножки. Для невролога важна любая деталь, характеризующая состояние крохи.

Посещение офтальмолога
Зрение ребенка формируется в первые 3 месяца, поэтому пренебрегать посещением офтальмолога нельзя. Процедура включает в себя проверку реакции зрачков на свет, осмотр глазного дна и его вен, оценку умения ребенка фиксировать взгляд и следить за движущимися предметами. Врач может выявить или исключить слепоту, пороки развития слезных каналов. Также специалист обязан дать рекомендации по уходу за глазами ребенка.

Посещение хирурга
Задача хирурга – своевременно выявить у ребенка проблемы пупка и пупочного кольца, пороки развития органов грудной клетки и живота, грыжи, у мальчиков – водянку яичка и неопущение яичек.

Посещение ортопеда
Ортопед следит за развитием костно-мышечной системы ребенка, выявляет и лечит проблемы, связанные с развитием скелета, тазобедренного сустава, деформацией стопы и нарушением осанки.

Посещение отоларинголога
Врач выявляет проблемы, связанные со здоровьем ушей, носа и горла ребенка, осматривает ЛОР-органы на предмет воспалительных процессов, а также выявляет пороки их развития.

Посещение стоматолога
Стоматолог оценивает состояние ротовой полости, дает рекомендации по уходу за первыми зубками и по профилактике кариеса.

 

Одежда ребенка должна быть удобной и простой, чтобы в кабинете
врача малыша можно было быстро одеть и раздеть.

 

«Золотое правило» посещений детских врачей

Планируя посещение врачей, не стоит стараться попасть сразу к нескольким специалистам. Малыши быстро устают, а также к этому добавляется и страх перед незнакомыми людьми. Нервозность ребенка может вызвать у врачей ошибочное представление о его состоянии. Поэтому, чтобы малышу не приписали ложный диагноз, желательно планировать посещение одного, максимум, двух врачей в день.

Олеся Бутузова, врач-педиатр: «Сразу после выписки из роддома новорожденного ежедневно и вплоть до 10-го дня жизни осматривает врач-педиатр на дому. Затем он приходит на 14-й и 21-й день, а в 1 месяц малыш с мамой впервые идут на прием в поликлинику. До годовалого возраста следует показывать кроху педиатру 1 раз в месяц».

Эксперт: Олеся Бутузова, врач-педиатр
Автор: Елена Нерсесян-Брыткова

В материале использованы фотографии, принадлежащие shutterstock.com 90000 Height, genitals, and what to expect 90001 90002 Growth during puberty happens over an extended period, so it can be difficult to know when it has finished. We explain what to expect and how to know when boys are likely to stop growing. 90003 90002 Every individual grows at different rates, and puberty begins and ends at different times for everybody. Puberty can last anywhere from 2 to 5 years, so it is not always easy to predict when it will end. 90003 90002 A boy’s body goes through many changes during puberty.These changes can be embarrassing or confusing, but the process happens to everyone and knowing what to expect can help. 90003 90008 Fast facts on when boys stop growing: 90009 90010 90011 How long puberty lasts and general development depends on a range of factors. 90012 90011 For boys, there is some evidence that being overweight or obese means that puberty is likely to begin at an older age. 90012 90011 Puberty lasts 2 to 5 years for both boys and girls. 90012 90011 Boys tend to start puberty around a year later than girls.This means that boys may be shorter than girls of a similar age for 1 to 2 years. 90012 90019 Share on PinterestOn average boys start puberty around the age of 12 and it can last from 2 to 5 years. 90002 Puberty is the process of growth and change that happens in the body as boys become adults. 90003 90002 Puberty is different for everyone and can start at any age between 8 and 14. The average age for boys to show the first signs of puberty is around 12 years old, about 1 year after girls begin puberty.90003 90002 The fastest rate of growth is usually 1 to 2 years after puberty has started. 90003 90002 Developing physically into an adult takes 2 to 5 years. Most boys will stop growing taller by age 16 and will usually have developed fully by 18. 90003 90008 Onset of puberty and ethnicity 90009 90002 There is more research on the age that puberty begins in girls than there is for boys. However, a study by the American Academy of Pediatrics found that African-American boys were likely to start puberty earlier than Hispanic or Caucasian boys.90003 90002 Genes play a role, and parental height is a good indicator of how tall a child will be. 90003 90002 A way to judge roughly how tall a boy will become is to: 90003 90010 90011 add together the height of the mother and father in inches 90012 90011 divide this number by 2 90012 90011 add 2.5 inches 90012 90019 90002 This calculation is approximate and , in general, it is not possible to predict height accurately. Growth does tend to follow a curve, however, so if a person regularly plots a boy’s height on a graph throughout their childhood, it may be possible to track where the line is likely to end up.90003 90002 Chronic illnesses, such as severe arthritis, and genetic conditions, such as Down syndrome, can cause a person to be shorter in adulthood than would otherwise be expected. 90003 Share on PinterestBoys may need reassurance that growing takes time and everyone is different. 90002 Average height varies across the world. In the United States, the average height for an adult man is 5 feet 9 inches or 70.8 inches. 90003 90002 This average is found by adding the height measurements of a group of people together and then dividing by the number of people surveyed.90003 90002 It does not mean that people above or below this height are unusually tall or small. It is important to remember that everyone is different. 90003 90002 Puberty can be a very confusing time for young people, and the following is a list of questions that people may ask. 90003 90008 At what age do the genitals finish growing? 90009 90002 For boys, one of the first signs of puberty is the growth of the testicles and development of pubic hair. The genitals grow throughout puberty. 90003 90002 Because puberty ends at different ages for different people, there is no set age at which the genitals will have completely developed.Once puberty is complete, the genitals are usually fully developed. Puberty usually takes around 4 years. 90003 90002 The key stages of development of the genitals for boys: 90003 90010 90011 after 1 year of puberty, the penis and testicles begin to grow in size 90012 90011 the genitals continue to grow for a further 1 to 2 years 90012 90011 around 4 years after puberty begins, the growth of the genitals should be complete 90012 90019 90008 When does body hair growth stop? 90009 90002 Pubic hair usually grows first, followed by underarm hair after about a year.Facial hair and other body hair will develop after around 2 years of puberty. Development of body hair will usually stop at the end of puberty. 90003 90008 What might impair growth rates? 90009 90002 Factors such as diet and environment can affect growth. Worldwide, children with diets that cause nutritional deficiencies or malnutrition may not grow to be as tall or strong as those who have had plentiful and balanced meals. 90003 90002 Illnesses, genetic conditions, and use of some medications, such as corticosteroids, can all slow or limit growth.90003 90002 An imbalance of hormones in the body might slow or speed up growth. A parent or caregiver may wish to seek advice from their doctor if a boy: 90003 90010 90011 is growing much faster or slower than expected 90012 90011 is much shorter or taller than other children their age 90012 90011 is growing very tall despite having shorter parents 90012 90011 has not started puberty by age 14 90012 90019 90002 An X-ray of the hand and wrist can help judge how much more a child will grow.90003 Share on PinterestEating healthfully and keeping active will help a young person reach their full potential height. 90002 All individuals have a maximum potential height. Some things can be done to ensure a person reaches their full potential height, but a person can not grow beyond this by using supplements or eating certain foods. 90003 90002 Eating a healthful diet and getting enough sleep and exercise is essential. There are many ways to stay active, from joining a sports team to helping with household chores.90003 90002 Teenagers need 8 to 10 hours sleep a night. A healthful sleep pattern means going to bed at around the same time each night and not staying up too late. 90003 90002 During puberty, boys may be shorter or taller than other boys their age. This can be hard to deal with. Understanding the changes their body is going through and being able to find information about puberty can help. 90003 90002 Boys should be reassured that growing takes time and that everyone is different. Developing good self-esteem through positive family relationships, friendships, hobbies, and interests can all help boys to cope with puberty.90003.90000 My Kid Needs to Know What? An Age By Age Guide to Sex Education — And What to Do! (By Cath Hakanson) — 90001 90002 90003 When it comes to sex education, parents usually have many questions. How do I start? What do I say? When do I say it? 90004 90003 Sex education has (thankfully) changed since we were kids. You simply can not do sex education with a big one-off talk (even if you think you have covered everything).Today it is about lots of small, frequent, repetitive conversations with your child. 90004 90003 So why do you need to talk to your kids about all this stuff? 90004 90003 Firstly, your kids are going to hear about sex, from their friends, from surfing the internet, and by watching the television. By getting in first, you are making sure that they receive the right information and more importantly, that they know how you feel about it. 90004 90003 Secondly, is that you are actually influencing what your kids will one day do about sex.Kids that receive good sex education are more likely to delay having sex and when they do start, they are more likely to avoid unwanted pregnancies, and sexually transmitted infections. 90004 90003 Here you will find an outline of the different things about sex that kids eventually need to know about. The topics and ages are just a guide, and are based on what we know about child sexual development, and in keeping our kids healthy and safe in our world today. 90004 90015 Babies and toddlers (0-24 months) 90016 90017 90018 The names of their body parts- yes, the penis and vulva too! 90019 90018 That it is okay to touch all parts of their body — let them grab their vulva or penis at bath time or during nappy changes.90019 90018 Start pointing out the differences between boys and girls — boys have penises and girls have vulvas. 90019 90018 Start talking about the functions of our body parts — urine comes out through your penis / vulva, poo comes out through your bottom / anus (and it is okay to use appropriate slang, just not all of the time). 90019 90018 If they like being naked all the time, start introducing boundaries about nudity — there is a time and a place to be naked (and it is not at the park!). 90019 90028 90029 The support they need.90030 90003 Technically, it is not really sex education at this age. It is really just about letting your child explore their whole body and to start pointing out simple differences between boys and girls. When naming the parts of their bodies you can also include their penis or vulva and also talk about what they can do — ‘yes, that is your penis and your wee (urine) comes out of there!’. The end goal is for your child to be comfortable with their whole body and to see all parts as being equal (with no shame).90004 90015 Early childhood (2-5 years) 90016 90029 90036 Our bodies 90037 90030 90017 90018 The correct names of the body parts and what they do. 90019 90018 That boys and girls are different but are also the same — girls usually have a vulva, boys usually have a penis but we all have nipples / bottoms / noses / hands, etc. 90019 90018 That our bodies are different and that is okay to be different. 90019 90018 That our bodies can tell us what we are feeling — we have many different feelings and we can feel them in our body.90019 90028 90029 90036 Privacy 90037 90030 90017 90018 That some parts of the body are private -these are not for the whole world to see. 90019 90018 That there are private and public places and times — this one is a tricky one for kids to learn as it changes. For example, it might be okay for your child to be naked at home when their grandmother is visiting but not the plumber! 90019 90018 To respect other people’s privacy. For example, if the bathroom door is closed, that they should knock and ask if they can come in.90019 90018 That they are entitled to privacy too — like when they go to the toilet, are in the bath or getting dressed. 90019 90018 That conversations about bodies are for private times at home and with their parents (not in the school yard). 90019 90028 90029 90036 Touching ourselves 90037 90030 90017 90018 That it is okay to touch their penis or vulva but that there is a time and a place for it. 90019 90018 Set limits around genital play. Explain that touching your own genitals can feel good but that it is a private activity, like toileting, and it should happen in a private place, like in their bedroom.90019 90018 If your child grabs their genitals when they are out socially, gently remind them that they need to keep their hands out of their pants. Do not make a big fuss as they are doing it because it makes them feel more secure. Eventually they will outgrow it! 90019 90018 If found playing ‘doctor’ with a friend (looking at each other’s genitals), take a deep breath, calmly interrupt them, ask them to get dressed and distract them into another toy or game. Later on, you can discuss privacy and rules about touching.90019 90028 90029 90036 Babies 90037 90030 90017 90018 That all living things reproduce- trees drop seeds, dogs have puppies and humans have babies. Slowly start pointing out examples of reproduction when you see it. 90019 90018 A baby grows inside the woman — uterus or baby bag or even tummy (you’ll get specific later on). 90019 90018 Both a man and a woman are needed to make a baby. 90019 90018 How a baby is made — that you need a part from a man (cell or sperm) and a part from a woman (cell or egg) to make a baby.’Where do I come from’ is usually the first question kids ask! 90019 90018 That a baby grows inside a woman. Keep it super simple — they only want basic concepts. The details come much later. 90019 90018 If they want to know how the baby comes out, just explain that it comes out of the woman’s stomach or through her vagina. 90019 90018 That making babies is for adults and not for kids to do. Get into the habit of reminding them of this, every time you talk about it. 90019 90028 90029 90036 Body ownership and touching 90037 90030 90017 90018 That they are the boss of their body and have a right to say who can touch their body (you included).90019 90018 That it is not okay to hug or touch someone if they do not want you to (and vice versa). 90019 90018 That sometimes there are reasons for an adult to look at or touch their body, like a doctor or nurse. 90019 90018 That we do not keep secrets about our bodies. Secrets can be about surprises and presents. 90019 90018 That they can always tell you about anything that makes them feel bad or funny. 90019 90028 90029 The support they need 90030 90003 Preschoolers are the easiest age to teach.They are like empty sponges, ready to soak up information about anything and everything. If they have not had an explanation that makes sense to them, they will use their imagination to make up their own reason. Get ready to repeat yourself as they easily forget and sometimes they do not understand you the first time or only hear part of it. And do not forget to ask them what they mean, so that you give them the right answer! 90004 90003 You want to set yourself as their number one source for information.This means being honest and answering their questions about babies. By answering, you are giving your child the message that they can talk to you about anything and that you are a reliable source for information. This is a good thing, especially once they start to have contact with other kids. 90004 90003 If you are struggling with the words to use, there are some fantastic sex education books that you can use. They provide the information and are written in an age-appropriate way. Also, at this age, they do not notice if you slip an educational book into the pile of books that you read before bed each night! 90004 90015 Middle childhood (5-8 years) 90016 90029 90036 Our bodies 90037 90030 90017 90018 Know what words to use when talking about body parts (both boys and girls) — penis, testicles, scrotum, anus, vulva, labia, vagina, clitoris, uterus and ovaries.90019 90018 To have some knowledge of the internal reproductive organs — uterus, ovary, fallopian tubes, urethra, bladder, bowel. 90019 90018 That bodies come in all different shapes, sizes and colours. 90019 90018 Both boys and girls have body parts that may feel good when touched. 90019 90018 To be able to look after their own body i.e. private parts, hair, teeth, skin, etc. 90019 90018 To have refusal skills in place — ‘Stop, I do not like that’. 90019 90028 90029 90036 Puberty 90037 90030 90017 90018 That their bodies will change as they get older.90019 90018 That puberty is a time of physical and emotional change. If they want to know what changes, just talk about how this is the stage where they grow into an adult. 90019 90028 90029 90036 Sexual intercourse 90037 90030 90017 90018 That a baby can happen when a man’s sperm joins a woman’s ovum and that it usually happens by sexual intercourse (IVF is another way). 90019 90018 That a baby is made when sperm leave the man through his penis and go into the woman’s vagina. They then find their way to the place where the egg is.The egg and the sperm then join together, and grow into a baby. 90019 90018 That adults have sex and that it’s a natural, normal and healthy part of life. 90019 90018 That adults often kiss, hug, touch and engage in other sexual behaviours with one another to show caring for each other and to feel good. 90019 90018 That sex is an adult activity and is not for kids. 90019 90018 That adults can choose whether or not to have a baby. 90019 90028 90029 90036 Sexual behaviour 90037 90030 90017 90018 Masturbation — some kids do and some do not.90019 90018 That all sexual behaviour is private i.e. masturbation, sexual intercourse. 90019 90018 That bodies can feel good when touched. 90019 90018 That sometimes people look at pictures of naked people or people having sex on the internet and this is not for kids. You also need to discuss with your child what they should do when (not if) they come across these images. 90019 90018 Explain that there are different sexual orientations such as heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual. 90019 90028 90029 90036 Love 90037 90030 90017 90018 Love means having deep and warm feelings for yourself and others.90019 90018 People can experience different types of love. 90019 90018 People express love in different ways to their parents, families and friends. 90019 90018 Dating is when two people are romantically attracted to each other and spend their free time together. 90019 90018 Dating starts as a teen. 90019 90018 People can experience different loving relationships throughout their lives. 90019 90028 90029 90036 Friendships 90037 90030 90017 90018 You can have many friends or just a few.90019 90018 You can have different types of friends. 90019 90018 Friends can be angry with each other and still be friends. 90019 90018 Friends spend time together and get to know each other. 90019 90018 Friends can hurt each other’s feelings. 90019 90018 Friendships depend on honesty. 90019 90018 Friends can be older or younger, male or female. 90019 90028 90029 90036 Families 90037 90030 90017 90018 There are different types of families. 90019 90018 Families can change over time.90019 90018 Every member has something unique to contribute. 90019 90018 Family members take care of each other. 90019 90018 Families have rules to help them live together. 90019 90018 Members of a family can live in different places and still be a family. 90019 90028 90029 90036 Personal skills 90037 90030 90017 90018 Everyone has rights, kids too. 90019 90018 People communicate in many different ways. 90019 90018 It is okay to ask for help. 90019 90018 Start practicing decision making around the home.90019 90018 All decisions have consequences — positive and negative. 90019 90018 Practice assertiveness. 90019 90018 Practice negotiation skills to resolve a problem or conflict. 90019 90028 90029 The support they need 90030 90003 This is the stage where your kids believe and absorb everything you say — so do not waste this opportunity to set yourself up as their main source for information. If you do not they will just get it from somewhere else (friends and the media). 90004 90003 There is a big difference between what a 5-year-old and an 8-year-old needs to know — as they get older, you need to give them more details and repeat yourself a lot more! 90004 90003 Try to answer their questions as honestly and matter-of-factly as possible.Ask them ‘what do you think?’ — this helps you to work out what they already know and what they want to know. Make sure that you give them enough information so that they do not make wrong conclusions, e.g. if you say that a baby is made when a man and woman sleep together, they may think that means when they lie down next to each other. Check that they have understood what you have said and to see if they have any more questions. 90004 90003 Some kids do not ask questions, which means that it is up to you to start the conversation.You can do this by looking for everyday opportunities to start a conversation — a pregnant woman, a couple kissing on TV, menstrual products in the bathroom. You could also buy some sex education books to read together. 90004 90015 Late childhood (9-12 years) 90016 90029 90036 Puberty 90037 90030 90017 90018 All of the above but in much greater detail 90019 90018 What physical, social and emotional changes to expect with puberty (both sexes). 90019 90018 Girls need to know be prepared for their first period.90019 90018 Boys need to know about ejaculation and wet dreams. 90019 90018 That fertility happens once girls start having periods and boys start producing semen. 90019 90018 That both boys and girls are able to have babies after they have reached puberty. 90019 90028 90029 90036 Sexual behaviour 90037 90030 90003 Some kids are curious about sex and some are not. Both are normal. Once puberty starts, they will slowly start to think about sex as being something that they may someday want to do.By starting conversations about sex with your child, you are letting them know that it is okay for them to come to you with any questions. 90004 90017 90018 More details about sexual intercourse and other sexual behaviours. 90019 90018 Basic information about STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections) as they may hear about them — sometimes you can catch infections when you have sexual intercourse but there are ways to make sex safer. 90019 90018 Basic information about how to avoid pregnancy — there are things you can do that will prevent pregnancy.90019 90018 Awareness of their parent’s sexual values ​​and beliefs — love, dating, contraception, when it is okay to become sexually active, etc. 90019 90018 That once puberty starts, they will slowly start to feel more sexual and develop romantic feelings towards their peers. 90019 90018 That once puberty starts, same sex fantasy and attraction is not unusual and does not necessarily indicate sexual orientation. 90019 90018 That sexuality is exaggerated in pornography. 90019 90018 How to be cybersmart and to use their mobile phone safely.90019 90018 The characteristics of respectful relationships. 90019 90028 90029 The support they need 90030 90003 This may be your last chance to talk while your child is still willing to listen to you! As they approach their teens, they are starting to rely more on their friends for answers and information. This means that you need to make sure they know that they can come and talk to you about anything (and I mean anything). 90004 90003 So answer their questions honestly and provide them with more detailed information.If you do not know the answer to their question, look for the answer together. Do not just tell them the facts but share what your values ​​and beliefs are about it, especially when it comes to topics such as love, dating, sexual intercourse and contraception. 90004 90003 You’ll need to start getting creative and find some new ways to start talking with them (give them a book, talk whilst driving them somewhere, talk about something you both see while watching TV. You can also help them to develop decision- making, communication and assertiveness skills.90004 90015 Adolescence and beyond … 90016 90003 If you have not started talking to your kids about sex by this stage, you had better get moving! It is never too late to start, but it will be a lot more challenging! 90004 90003 Adolescence is when sex education really starts to get sexual! There’s a lot of tough topics out there — dating, contraception, when to have sex, how to say ‘no’, to name a few! 90004 90003 The huge benefit of talking to your kids from an early age is that you have empowered them with the knowledge to be able to make good decisions about sex.You will also have a relationship with them where they know that they can talk to you about anything — and I mean anything! 90004 90003 The information that you have given your child is important, but what really matters is that you are talking about it! That is what really matters! 90004 90003 (And remember, it is never too late to start talking!) 90004 90339 90003 90341 About the Author: Cath Hakanson 90004 90003 Cath Hakanson is a mother, nurse, sex educator and founder 90344 Sex Ed Rescue 90345.Bringing her 20+ years clinical knowledge, a practical down-to-earth approach, and passion for helping families, Cath inspires parents to talk to their kids about sex so that kids can talk to their parents about anything! Sex Ed Rescue arms parents with the 90344 tools, advice and tips 90345 to make sex education a normal part of everyday life. Get her free 90344 ‘Age Specific Topic Guide’ 90345 that you can quickly refer to. 90004 90003 Find Cath on Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn. 90004 90029 Like this article? 90030 90003 Subscribe to our free newsletter for a weekly round up of our best articles 90004 .90000 How To Study For USMLE Step 1 90001 90002 90003 The Ultimate Guide to Creating an Effective Study Plan 90004 90005 90006 The reason I am writing this is because I have been in your shoes. I have known the feeling of being told the importance of an exam and having absolutely no idea where to start. Okay, that was a lie, everyone knows to start with First Aid, but it’s only one small but important piece of the puzzle. My journey was long, difficult, turbulent, but also challenging, rewarding, and undoubtedly one of the defining periods of my medical school career.However, it definitely could have been helped with some wise words, advice, and encouragement from someone who was formerly in my shoes as an MS2. As an MS3 now, I am here to offer my hand to the next class on how to study for USMLE Step 1. 90007 90002 90003 Framework 90004 90005 90006 Step 1 is an important test. You’ve heard it before a hundred times and you will hear it a hundred more times before MS3 begins. Advice from upperclassmen also says Step 2 is slightly less important and Step 3 even more so.What I was hearing was that Step 1 might be the last opportunity in my life where doing well on an exam has a profound impact on my future. Like how the SATs opened doors for colleges and the MCAT opened doors for medical school, Step 1 sounded like the last key to the last and most important door-residency. 90007 90006 Here is where I’d like to give you the right frame of mind. Know that I am not a student where concepts come naturally and facts linger for days in my mind. I’m of normal intelligence but try to work as hard as I can.I need repetition to retain information. I need the same information from multiple sources. I have also never been a gifted standardized test taker, but that was something I tried to change for Step 1. At first I wondered, could this be changed at all? After hearing advice from upperclassmen about doing lots of practice questions, I sought to do as many practice questions as possible. So many that by the time of my exam I would know there was nothing more I could have done to prepare myself. 90007 90006 For a moment, let’s appreciate the unique opportunity that is Step 1.Step 1 is truly the last time where you are given a very extended period of time to focus on a single thing. You have no other responsibilities except to study for this one test. In MS3 and MS4 and in residency, you’ll be pushed and pulled 10 different ways, keeping track of 20 patients, notes you have not written, putting together a presentation, etc. Right now in MS2 you have a single job and that is to study for this test. Not only that, you can pretty much decide your own schedule each and every day.You can wake up when you want, you can exercise when you want, eat when you want. Your entire life is in your control, and it is this way so that you can place yourself in optimum studying conditions for this exam. During these next several months you can ask any question you have and professors will be happy to answer them. You do not have to be judged for not knowing an answer. In fact it is your job to ask as many questions as possible and not be afraid of any repercussions or implications. You are truly on a several month-long journey to pursue knowledge.90007 90006 Here is the very first step of studying for Step 1. 90003 Setting a goal 90004. It is not impossible to score well on Step 1 with a modest amount of work. Do your research into what fields you believe you have a chance of being interested in. Look at the Charting Outcomes for the Match results and see what median Step 1 scores are for those specialties. After that, think about your personal goals. How would you feel if you suddenly discovered a passion for a very competitive specialty during MS3 but did not know beforehand and so you did not study as hard during Step 1? It does not happen to every student but it happens to some every year.I can honestly say I think somewhere between a 240 and 250 is a very achievable goal given a few months of hard work. You do not have to drive yourself crazy for all of MS2. If that’s your goal, I can not stress the importance of working hard during those few months but also taking the rest of your time to enjoy life as a second year. Things are much different in third year. Study hard for a few months, relax during the rest, and enjoy your life. 90007 90006 However, even if your goal is to only score in the 240-250, there is never a guarantee that with the appropriate amount of studying you will score in that range.90003 The approach you must take is that even on your worst test-taking day, you will still score in your desired range 90004. Believe me, there will be numerous factors (a few hours of sleep the night before, a lot of nerves, clumsy errors) that will prevent you from feeling like you performed your best. 90003 This guide is written to help you achieve the highest possible score you can achieve. 90004 Every additional single point requires exponentially more time and studying to achieve. There is a law of diminishing returns.However, if your goal is to score the highest possible score, you have to find a way to persevere through the hours of additional studying for each point that you want. 90007 90006 The 90003 second step 90004 is to 90003 find a group of friends 90004. Find people who share your goal. During studying time there will be countless times you will want to rant to friends about being destroyed by a block of questions, or a poorly explained answer, or just how much information is falling out of your head.Your friends are absolutely crucial to this time. They help motivate you. You help motivate them. It is more than a pep talk in the morning; it’s staying up late and listening to them talk for weeks in a row, it’s dragging them out to the gym even when they feel terrible, it’s forcing them to come out to dinner and take a break with you to keep both of you sane. Your group of study friends does not have to be the same group as your best friends; branch out and learn about people you thought you knew before.90007 90002 90003 What is the USMLE Test? 90004 90005 90006 Read the introduction to First Aid. It’s essentially all there. Briefly, it’s an 8 hour exam. 7 hours of those 8 are spent answering questions. Each hour has a block of 44 questions. This means you have to answer at about a rate of just over a minute per question (which leaves several minutes to review some flagged questions). Never leave a question blank. If you have difficulty with an answer, pick an answer, flag it, and come back to it at the end of your block with your free time.90007 90002 90003 How Do You Study for the USMLE Exam? 90004 90005 90006 Here is the 90003 third step 90004. After many, many hours spent online reading different strategies and study plans, and implementing this myself, I can confidently say that these resources are components of the best study plan to achieving the best score possible, regardless of what type of learner you believe yourself to be (visual, flashcarder, lecture slides, etc.). 90007 90048 90049 90050 First Aid + Qbanks 90051 90052 90049 90050 Pathoma 90051 90052 90049 90050 Misc items such as Anki, Firecracker, Goljan audio, etc.90051 90052 90061 90006 First Aid and Qbanks are by far the most important. Almost everyone agrees First Aid is useful and they carry it around so that they can study from it, but most people are not utilizing it properly. 90007 90064 90050 First Aid 90051 90067 90006 First Aid is not a textbook, it does not teach you much in concepts. What it does teach you, is how much you do not know. For example, you will look up a drug in First Aid and see a side effect you had never known to be associated with it.First Aid is an accumulation of the highest yield facts believed to be tested by the USMLE because it is written by people (students) who have seen recent questions. 90003 The learning and understanding of each individual topic in first aid must be done outside of First Aid 90004. 90050 Reading Wikipedia, your lecture slides, a textbook, getting an answer from a question bank. This is where the true learning is done. 90051 The type of learning that helps you retain information long after you read it.After you learn it from these sources, you look it up in First Aid and you read it there again. You can feel free to write notes in the margin so that when you read it 2 months later, you’ll have an idea of ​​how to understand the topic rather than memorize it. 90007 90006 Understand that First Aid is a 90050 big 90051 book. It’s over 600 pages of dense content. It would take me 10 minutes or more to make my way through an entire page of details (and this was during study period when I already felt comfortable with most of the material), imagine the time it takes to go through the entire book.You will not make it through the entire book and memorize most of it if you open the book for the first time 1 month, or even 2 months, before your exam. Speaking for most students, I do not think it is possible. Even if you think you’re exposing yourself to it by skimming it during the school year and reading relevant parts that match with your lecture, there is simply too much information outside of lecture in there to process in 4-5 weeks of free study time . Yes you may be able to make a couple solid passes through the book, but ask yourself what percentage you think you’ll be able to retain.You need repetition. And because the book is so thick, that repetition needs to start now. It can not wait until later. 90007 90006 Each page in first aid is filled with details within details. You can not begin to imagine the details hidden on each page that can become test questions. On my 3 90079 rd 90080 pass of FA during my study period I was still finding new words I missed before and had never seen. Read the small italicized font that you did not think was important. Read the captions to the images.Read the labels of diagrams. 90003 Every single word is important. 90004 90003 This must be your approach to studying. There are no more high yield or low yield facts. Every single fact is high yield. 90004 90007 90006 Do not neglect the chapters that are not easily associated with lectures. Behavioral Science is extremely important but does not quite fit into a systems based approach. I highly recommend it as a starting point, not just because it’s the first chapter of the book, but because it does not require you to recall physiology from last year.You can dive right into it. The same is true of the pathology and pharmacology sections. Those sections pull topics from many different organ systems and they contain many, many factoids that could be easily translated into flashcards. 90007 90006 Lastly, purchase the newest edition of First Aid. It’s absolutely worth it. I studied with a friend who had the older edition and he regretted it. 90007 90064 90050 Qbanks 90051 90067 90006 If you want to do fairly well on the exam, you need to purchase Uworld Qbank (which your class will purchase as a group if you have not already) and you should save this for dedicated study time (5 weeks prior to your exam ).I say this because Uworld offers the most difficult and thought provoking questions. It is by no means an assessment tool. Do not use it as a big practice test. Instead, it is a learning tool. It will teach you to become accustomed to the level of difficulty of the real exam. It will teach you that you have not been reading FA as closely as you think. It will teach you that knowing 80% of a topic is not enough. It will teach you that memorizing 4 out of the 5 side effects of a drug is not enough.It gets you in the proper state of mind before taking the test because the test will be difficult. Can you use Uworld as your 1 90079 st 90080 Qbank? You can, but I recommend not doing that for the reasons above. Step 1 is like the real race and Uworld Qbank is like an intense exercise program. You want your most strenuous regimen to be close to your performance. You do not want to train hard months in advance and then take a break with something lighter just before you need to perform. Can you re-do Uworld prior to your exam? You absolutely can, but I argue there is very limited utility.You’ll remember a lot of answers to questions, and the sense of seeing new, strange questions will not be the same. That feeling of truly new questions is exactly what you will feel on the exam. 90007 90006 If you want to do even better than well, you will likely need another qbank to practice with during the year. Your other 2 qbank options are Kaplan and USMLE Rx. My opinion is that Rx has shorter question stems and feels easier than Kaplan. Either is fine to use. Pick one qbank and finish it before study period starts.90007 90006 If you truly want to do the best you can, you must purchase both Kaplan and USMLE Rx. The reason I say so is that 90003 my strongest belief about this exam is that your score is highly correlated to the number of practice questions you do 90004. A research study from Albert Einstein demonstrated that the number of questions finished directly correlated with students ‘step 1 performance. Yes FA is a big book of facts that you must memorize but when it comes to answering questions, the questions require processing information.It requires integrating different data and organ systems and coming up with a conclusion where you have to weigh certain answer choices. Some more than others and ultimately pick one and hope it’s right. Many times it comes down to a gut feeling. But remember, you have to move at a pace of slightly over 1 minute per question. And there are over 300 questions on Step 1 over 7 hours. What does this mean? This means you need to become a pattern-recognizing machine. Step 1 questions are all about patterns.Each disease process and pathology has a classic pattern it is associated with and Step 1 loves to ask questions that incorporate these patterns. In order for you to recognize patterns, you must build an intuition. This test-taking intuition can only be built upon hundreds and hundreds and thousands of questions. There are slightly over 2000 questions in an average question bank. Maybe 3 of these questions will touch upon a very rare disease that takes up about a paragraph or less in First Aid. 3 questions are not enough to build a strong enough intuition such that on the real exam in a slightly different scenario you would have the confidence to pick the right answer.This is why you absolutely must do more than 1 qbank. With 3 qbanks you now have at least 9-12 questions on this rare topic in your experience and can begin to form your intuition. 90007 90006 Here is where the study schedule comes into play. Decide for yourself what your goal is. Decide for yourself how many question banks before Uworld you will need to achieve that goal. Divide up the number of questions you have by the remaining number of weeks you have left to study. This is how many questions you must do per week.It’s very simple but it requires an incredible amount of time. 90050 90106 Start by doing tutor mode 90107 90051. You can even start by doing one organ system at a time. 90050 Eventually (at least several weeks in advance of study period) you must do them timed (1 hour for 44 questions) and you must do them random 90051. 90003 This is the environment you will be in during the test, and like a marathon or a competition you must absolutely practice during these same conditions so that you feel as comfortable as possible during the real exam 90004.I absolutely promise you that the real exam will not feel like any practice exam and there will be numerous reasons why you will be made to feel uncomfortable as possible. 90007 90006 Take into consideration the amount of time you will need for each block you begin in your first qbank. 90007 90006 -For 44 questions, it will take you 1 hour to do the block. When you review the block, here is what I would do if I were you: 90007 90118 90049 I would read the entire answer explanation. 90052 90049 I would open my pdf of FA and find the topic.90052 90049 I would read what FA says on the topic 90052 90049 I would Wikipedia / google any topic I did not understand 90052 90049 I would jot down notes in the margin of FA if I found it appropriate or believe it might be high yield or improve my understanding and therefore retention in the future. 90003 I would also make a flashcard if I felt it needed memorizing. 90004 90052 90131 90006 As you can imagine, this process may take more than a few minutes, depending on how well you knew the topic asked.In the beginning stages of your studying, this will take many minutes per question. If it takes you even 5 minutes per question, this means 90003 you will end up spending 4-5 hours reviewing a block 90004 after already spending 1 hour to take the exam. This is a big chunk of time during your day or your weekend, you absolutely must plan accordingly. After several weeks of this, your pace will improve. As fewer topics are unfamiliar to you, you will spend closer to 3-4 hours reviewing a block. 90007 90006 When you consider it will take 4-6 hours per block and each Q bank has 2000-2200 questions each, you will find it takes a significant amount of time outside of regular school studying to do all of these questions.This is why you must plan your weeks accordingly. 90007 90006 Do not be so concerned with moving through First Aid like a book, one chapter at a time. You absolutely can if you want to. Read one chapter of First aid while doing questions relevant to that section. But one piece of advice I strongly believe in, is to 90003 use the question banks as your tour guide through first aid 90004. Let them show you the details you missed in just reading the sentences. Let them show you how a single word can be used to ask a question, how two topics in FA can be commonly used together to trick you.If a question from a Q bank demonstrates that you are weak on a certain topic, use that as a springboard to learn from First Aid and other resources. Make flashcards on that topic. Doing questions is not only much more interesting than reading words off a page in FA, but also helps you to build your test-taking intuition. 90007 90064 90050 Pathoma 90051 90067 90006 Where does it come in? I found the most utility in pathoma by using it during the year. It’s greatest strength is in teaching conceptual understanding of various topics, and therefore it is a great resource to use during the school year.However, there are many more obscure diseases that he calls «high-yield». After having gone through studying for step 1, a good fraction of these obscure diseases may never appear on a question. However, I still believe it to be important to approach memorizing pathoma the same way you will approach first aid. It is a much shorter read and I found it useful to turn the whole book into flashcards as I was reading it (make a flashcard for every fact). This is not as practical for First Aid since the book is just too large; for First Aid you’ll have to pick which sections are just brute force memorization and make flashcards for those.90003 My greatest recommendation for pathoma is to finish watching it once (while making flashcards) and then watching it one more time or reading the book yourself one more time. 90004 This will give you two solid passes through Pathoma before study period. 90007 90006 As if Question banks, First Aid, and Pathoma were not enough, if you want to know what you can do between all those resources, my advice is to use anything that gives you repetition. Reading answers to questions, reading pages from FA or pathoma, these are all passive ways of learning.With the vast amount of information present on the test, you need incredible amounts of repetition. Not only do you need repetition, but having multiple avenues of learning and digesting information will keep you from being bored and also help you to retain information. This is where flash cards come in. 90007 90064 90050 Flashcards 90051 90050 90051 90067 90006 Flashcards are essential for repetition. However, they are important in helping you think critically but only if you use them right.The two best ways to do flashcards is either create them yourself (Anki) or use pre-made cards (Firecracker). Flashcards are electronic now so you can do them anywhere. Whether you are walking to class, waiting for the bus, sitting on the toilet, or during a commercial break of a football game, you can literally do flashcards any time. Flashcards can be the glue that helps keep all the information that you learn from Qbanks, First Aid, and Pathoma together. 90007 90006 Self-made flashcards: 90007 90006 While you grind through your Q bank, one of the best things you can do is make flash cards for questions that you got wrong.If you got a question wrong because you did not understand a certain concept, make a flashcard or a set of flashcards that will help you remember and understand this concept in the future. Then maybe a week or two after you missed that question, you will see that specific flashcard in your deck, helping you reinforce what you learned. This can not be emphasized enough. You must learn from your mistakes. Using flashcards is one of the best ways to do so. Sometimes the best way to use a flash card is to screen shot a table from First Aid, paste it onto a flashcard, blot out of the text, and memorize the hell out of it.90007 90064 Firecracker: 90067 90006 Firecracker is a premade flashcard program that attempts to integrate all important information for Step 1. Their flashcards connect well with First Aid, Pathoma and UWorld. The reason why Firecracker could be useful is because their flashcards tend to cover material from all three of these resources. You can use Firecracker starting day 1 of medical school because there are sections for physiology and anatomy as well. Firecracker is probably even more useful during second year (especially if your first year covers physiology while your second year covers pathophysiology).The following is great way to use Firecracker: 90007 90118 90049 Whenever you learn a concept in class, watch the Pathoma videos that correlate to that covered subject. 90052 90049 While watching Pathoma, take notes on your First Aid to supplement anything that First Aid does not cover or to help you understand First Aid material. 90052 90049 Then afterwards, find the correlating section in Firecracker and quickly read it (this should not take long because you just covered most of it in Pathoma and First Aid) 90052 90049 Do the flashcards for that section 90052 90131 90006 This way, you not only study Pathoma / First Aid, you also get some immediate flashcards that will help you see whether you actually learned something or not.90007 90006 Keep in mind that Firecracker is a tool that is meant to be used every day. It is for constant repetition. If you are going to use Firecracker, you should be dedicated. Attempt to do 50-100 review questions a day in addition to learning to material. It’s ok if you do not meet your daily quota or if you skip a couple days but just make sure you are consistent most of the time. 90007 90006 Having a quick source of random flashcards (whether they’re self-made or from firecracker) serves a second purpose.90003 In the week or two prior to your real exam, you will find that you will need to cram. 90004 Yes you spent several months memorizing, but the truth is that there is still too much information to learn. It is too difficult to make a pass through First Aid in just one week. In the 1-2 weeks before your exam, instead of skimming First Aid, you can flip through flashcards and get a truly randomized quick way to review all of the difficult topics 90007 90002 90003 Putting It All Together 90004 90005 90006 After you’ve set your goal, found your group of friends, pulled together these resources and played around with them for a bit, there is a final and crucial step before beginning this long journey of studying and that is 90003 90050 attitude 90051 90004 .90003 First 90004, you absolutely can not give up studying lectures. I distinctly remember two questions on my real step 1 that I learned from lectures in MS1 ​​and MS2 that I never encountered again during my Step 1 studying. I know it seems impossible asking you to study all these sources but also continue to focus on lectures, but it’s the only way to score your best on step 1. 90003 Second 90004, the approach you have to keep in mind for the next several months is curiosity. Be curious about every single thing you come across.If you hear a maneuver named after someone, or a drug you’ve never learned, or a gene name mentioned briefly-look it up. Google it, Wikipedia it, or Uptodate it if you’re brave enough. Read about it, even if it’s just for 1 minute. There is always a chance it could appear on Step 1. First Aid, the Qbanks, and Pathoma cover a vast majority of topics likely to be asked, but they will never be able to cover every single topic. 90007 90006 A final piece of the puzzle, which will not be discussed in detail here, are the practice exams.There are 6 NBME exams available for purchase, each 200 questions. There are 2 U world self-assessments available, each also 200 questions. That is an additional 1600 questions of experience in addition to your question banks. As I said before, your score is highly correlated to the number of questions you have done. Therefore, you must do all 8 of these exams. Not only for the purpose of assessing your score (many, many people end up getting the average of their practice scores on the real test), but also for refining your intuition.90007 90006 Overall the journey seems daunting, but know that it is far from impossible. It is an incredible experience to bond with your classmates over; it is also a very big step in advancing your knowledge and clinical reasoning toward being a physician. 90007 90002 What USMLE Score Do I Need on Step 1 To Be Competitive? 90005 90006 Use the USMLE Step 1 Score Estimator below to help you determine what score you need to match into the residency of your choice. 90007 90006 90007 90006 90050 This article was a collaborative effort by students from the David Geffen School of Medicine.90051 90007 .