Человек должен трудиться: «Почему важно, чтобы каждый человек трудился?» – Яндекс.Кью

Человек должен трудиться, работать в поте лица, кто бы он ни был, и в этом одном заключается смысл и цель его жизни, его счастье, его восторги. Как хорошо быть рабочим, который встает чуть свет и бьет на улице камни, или пастухом, или учителем, который учит детей, или машинистом на железной дороге Боже мой, не то что человеком, лучше быть волом, лучше быть простою лошадью, только бы работать, чем молодой женщиной, которая встает в двенадцать часов дня, потом пьет в постели кофе, потом два часа одевается о, как это ужасно!

ПОХОЖИЕ ЦИТАТЫ

ПОХОЖИЕ ЦИТАТЫ

Любить или быть с тем, кто тебе просто подходит? Это как хотеть кофе, но заменять его конфетами с кофейным вкусом — неплохо, но не то, не то…

Элис Романова (30+)

Интересно вспоминать, как ты познакомился с человеком, как его первый раз увидел и что почувствовал, что подумал о нем, было как-то безразлично на него сперва, а потом… а потом он стал смыслом твоей жизни.

Неизвестный автор (1000+)

Человек или должен быть верующим, или ищущим веры, иначе-он пустой человек.

Антон Чехов (100+)

В мире есть только один человек, который способный потянуть тебя на дно или вытянуть на верх — это ты сам.

Алексей Кадочников (1)

Банкир — это человек, который одолжит вам зонтик в солнечную погоду, чтобы забрать его, как только начинается дождь.

Роберт Фрост (40+)

Как ни странно, самая сильная мотивация — это работать, чтобы потом не работать.

Неизвестный автор (1000+)

Чтобы быть счастливым – не нужны наркотики или случайные связи. Человеку нужен другой человек, который будет любить его без остатка.

Дневники Джули Спаркс (Айви Блэквайт) (1)

Кто бы ни встретился на вашем жизненном пути – поблагодарите его за участие в вашей судьбе. Было ли это эпизодом или на всю жизнь – ни один человек не приходит в жизнь другого случайно.

Неизвестный автор (1000+)

В доме должен быть кот.
В доме должен быть плед.
Древний бабушкин кустик алоэ.
И за плинтусом – вот! –

Старый детский секрет.
И журналов стопа – про былое
В доме должен быть шкаф,
Пусть скрипуч, неказист, —

В его недрах, согретых годами,
Связку писем сыскав,
Развернешь хрупкий лист,
Мелко-мелко исписанный мамой.

В доме должен быть свет от ночного окна,
Запах кофе и яблок с корицей
И воскресный обед. И для книг тишина.
И тогда ничего не случится.

Марина Семченко (1)

Прежде чем осуждать кого-то возьми его обувь и пройди его путь, попробуй его слезы, почувствуй его боли. Наткнись на каждый камень, о который он споткнулся. И только после этого говори, что ты знаешь- как правильно жить.

Далай-лама (50+)

90000 100+ Manly Movies for Men that Will Help You Become Your Best Self 90001 90002 90003 90004 Improving yourself does not have to be hard! 90005 90006 90007 90002 In fact, some of the greatest life lessons and epiphanies that I’ve ever had came from sitting back on the couch with a big bowl of popcorn and binge watching some of the top movies for men. 90007 90002 I’ve compiled a list of 100 movies to watch that will teach you powerful life lessons and make you a better man. 90007 90002 While you’ve probably seen many of these films before, I challenge you to re-visit them and remember that 90013 context is everything.90014 90007 90002 I’ve seen several movies on this list more than 3X. But each time that I re-watch a film, I do so with the intent to learn and grow, I find some new nuance or theme to the movie or main characters that I’d never considered before. These are great movies to watch over and over again to improve 90013 and 90014 enjoy yourself. 90007 90002 Before checking out any of these «» must see movies of all time «read through this article and pay special attention to the life lessons contained within each of them.Keep those lessons in mind as you watch these films and try to find ways to apply the lessons you’re learning to your own life. 90007 90002 Get your popcorn and drink of choice ready. 90007 90002 This is the definitive «man movies list» that will help you achieve higher levels of success, freedom and happiness in your life. 90007 90002 Enjoy … 90007 90028 90029 The Best Movies for Men: War Films (Aka Classic Guy Movies) 90030 90031 90002 90007 90034 90002 Death smiles at us all. All a man can do is smile back.~ Maximus, 90013 Gladiator 90014 90007 90039 90002 Easily one of the most classic «men movies» of all time, Gladiator follows the (loosely historical) story of Maximus Decimus Meridius 90013 the 90014 quintessential Grounded Man. Family, honor, duty, and a whole lot of sword slashing in the arena, he can do it all. Following Maximus’s journey after he is betrayed by the Emperor’s weak son, forced to see the death of his family, then sold into slavery, 90013 Gladiator 90014 tells a tale of love, honor, vengeance and the quest for freedom.90007 90002 90047 90047 90007 90002 Pay attention to Maximus’s leadership style of always leading from the front, putting himself in harms way to maintaining integrity in the face of death to fighting for something you deeply believe in, 90013 Gladiator 90014 is filled with life lessons that will show you what it means to be a strong Grounded Man. 90007 90002 90029 2. Saving Private Ryan 90030 90007 90002 90007 90034 90002 «Earn this … Earn it.» — Captain Miller 90007 90039 90002 Considered by many critics to be one of the greatest war movies of all time, 90013 Saving Private Ryan 90014 immerses viewers into the cold and brutal reality of World War II.Nearly 20+ years later this film still holds it’s grounded of portraying some of the most realistic combat scenes to date. Instructed to save one Private Ryan, the last remaining child of a woman who lost three of her sons, Captain Miller (played by Tom Hanks) must lead a small squad of soldiers on a near suicide mission to bring Private Ryan home. 90007 90002 Easily one of the best movies for guys that will leave you with a deeper level of respect and admiration for the men and women who sacrifice everything for our freedom.Captain Miller shows you how to be calm in the midst of chaos throughout the movie and demonstrates a lead from the front attitude putting himself in harms way in every combat scene. 90007 90002 90029 3. Full Metal Jacket 90030 90007 90002 90007 90034 90002 I am in a world of s ** t, yes. But I am alive. And I’m not afraid. ~ Private Davis 90007 90039 90002 Portraying the horrors of the Vietnam War and Marine boot camp in (almost) unbearable detail, 90013 Full Metal Jacket 90014 will leave you questioning the purpose of war and w 90007.90000 Man must build 90001 90002 (Implementation of practical class plan): 90003 90002 At the beginning of the class a teacher calls the register and designates a student on duty, names the topic and purpose of the class, finds out unclear questions, which appeared during independent work of students. 90003 90002 Then the teacher analyzes subject questions, tasks of students research work and methods of practicing skills in accordance with the methodologic instruction, by means of actively questioning all students of the group.90003 90002 The teacher is guided by the extent of knowledge obtained by the students during their independently studying the material in the textbooks, lecture notes and methodologic instructions, as well as preparing students research work in the albums for independent work. 90003 90002 Besides, the teacher can choose to check the hometask in oral or written form, as well as in mixed and oral-and-written form. The teacher can use situational tasks and test questions in addition to routine subject questions.90003 90002 Having controlled the students knowledge for the class, the teacher demonstrates to the students methods of preparation and obtaining of a print thermoplastic impression material. 90003 90002 After the demonstration the students start to independently train practical skills on each other under supervision of a senior laboratory assistant or the teacher. 90003 90002 At the end of the class the teacher gives marks for oral answer or written work, for independent students work, signs the protocol of the laboratory work, as well as names the next topic and questions for study.90003 90002 90003 90002 Summary 90003 90002 90003 90002 Processing the denture 90003 90002 90003 90002 After the trial dentures (Acrylic base, wax and teeth) have been waxed, they are prepared for denture processing to substitute the acrylic record base and the wax with a hot cure denture base attached to the teeth. This is done in the following steps: 90003 90002 1) Flasking. 90003 90002 2) Wax elimination. 90003 90002 3) Mixing.90003 90002 4) Packing. 90003 90002 5) Curing. 90003 90002 6) De-flasking. 90003 90002 7) Shaping and Polishing. 90003 90002 Flask: Is a metal case or tube used in investing procedures. 90003 90002 90047 90003 90002 90003 90002 Flasking: The process of investing the cast and a waxed denture in a flask to make a sectional mould used to form the acrylic resin denture base. 90003 90002 The flask is made of 3 major parts, (1) lower half (which contains the cast), (2) upper half and (3) the cover or lid.The lower half may have a round plate, covering a round hole in the base of the lower half. 90003 90002 90003 90002 1) Flasking: 90003 90002 Molding or flasking Techniques: 90003 90002 1 Compression technique: 90003 90002 The stone cast with the record denture base, wax and teeth are secured to the lower half of the flask with gypsum investment material (plaster or stone). Then the upper half of the flask is put in place and gypsum is poured to the occlusal surfaces of the teeth.Finally the top portion of the flask is poured with investment and the lid is placed on the flask. 90003 90002 2 Injection molding technique: 90003 90002 It is a complicated procedure requiring special flask and equipment. In this technique the wax pattern is sprued and the material is injected into the mold. This process allows injection of further material during polymerization to compensate for the polymerization shrinkage. 90003 90069 90069 90002 The procedure of flasking a denture in compression technique is as follows: 90003 90002 90003 90002 90076 90003 90002 90079 90003 90002 90082 90003 90002 90003 90002 90087 90003 90002 90003 90002 90092 90003 90002 90003 90002 90097 90003 90002 90100 90003 90002 90003 90002 3 Mixing: 90003 90002 Acrylic resin dough is made by mixing the powder (polymer) and liquid (monomer) to form ‘dough’ which is packed into a gypsum mold for curing.The ratio of powder to liquid is important since it controls the workability of the mix as well as the dimensional changes on setting. 90003 90002 The mixing should be done in a clean jar which should be covered to prevent evaporation of the monomer. 90003 90002 4 Packing: 90003 90002 It should be done when the mixture reaches dough stage, as the dough is rolled into a rod-like form and placed in the upper half of the flask then a polyethelen (nylon sheet) is placed over the dough in the upper half and then the two halves of the flask are closed until they are almost in approximation, this is done to spread the dough evenly throughout the mold.Then the two halves of the flask are separated, the excess material at the borders of the denture is removed by a wax knife, and additional resin is added at any places that are deficient. At least two trial closures are done and before the final closure a thin layer separating medium is applied on the cast and the polyethelen sheet is removed and then the two halves of the flask are closed under pressure by bench press of about 100 Kg / cm 90113 2 90114. Then the flask is put in a spring clamp and the clamp is closed tightly.90003 90002 90117 90003 90002 90003 90002 5 Curing: 90003 90002 It is polymerization of the hot cure acrylic to produce the final denture. The material is cured by heating in a water bath; pressure is applied during curing for the following reasons: 90003 90002 1 To decrease the effect of thermal expansion. 90003 90002 2 To decrease the polymerization shrinkage. 90003 90002 3 To increase the evaporation of monomer thus decreases porosity.90003 90002 90003 90002 Types of curing cycles for heat cure acrylic: 90003 90002 1 Short curing cycle. 90003 90002 2 Long curing cycle. 90003 90002 1 Short curing cycle: 90003 90002 The denture is placed in water at room temperature and the curing temperature is programmed to 74 90113 o 90114 C for one and half hour followed by 100 90113 o 90114 C for one hour. 90003 90002 2 Long curing cycle: 90003 90002 The curing temperature is programmed to 100 90113 o 90114 C for 8 hours.90003 90002 Polymerization can occur at any temperature but it is very slow at temperature below 70 90113 o 90114 C, the best curing cycle is the long curing cycle because most of the conversion of monomer to polymer occurs during the period at 70 90113 o 90114 C and during this time the dough itself may approach 100 90113 o 90114 C because the polymerization reaction exothermic. The monomer boils at 100.3 90113 o 90114 C so the dough must be kept below this temperature to avoid boiling of the monomer; on the other hand rapid curing cycle usually results in some gaseous porosity.90003 90002 90003 90002 6 Deflasking: 90003 90002 Deflasking is the process of removal of the processed denture from the flask and investment mold. Before deflasking of the processed denture begins the flask is left to cool to room temperature. If not, increased distortion of the acrylic may occur. 90003 90002 Laboratory remount 90003 90002 The denture should be remounted on the articulator as dictated by the indices with sticky wax. The incisal pin discrepancy should be noted.If the discrepancy is less than 2mm, it is acceptable. If the discrepancy is between 2-5 mm, occlusal correction can be accomplished. 90003 90002 If the discrepancy is more than 5mm, the entire treatment should by repeated. 90003 90002 90003 90002 90178 90003 90002 90003 90002 7- Shaping and Polishing: 90003 90002 In this step any excess acrylic is removed from the processed denture by the use of stone wheel burs, stone burs, and steel burs.Care must be taken not to heat the denture during grinding, because this may cause distortion of the denture base. Finally, the denture should be smooth and clean, as no plaster and no deep scratches should remain after the preparation for polishing. 90003 90002 In polishing a rag wheel with pumice is used for smoothing the denture. Then a final high polish is given to the denture with a rag wheel and polishing material (Rouge). 90003 90002 90003 90002 90191 90003 90002 90194 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 Special-purpose Training Tests for study the topic level testing 90003 90002 90003 90002 1.Patient with complete loss of teeth on the upper jaw is made a complete removable denture. After plastic polymerization the flask is removed from the hot and is rapidly cooled under running cold water. What do you think will happen in a plastic prosthesis basis in this case. 90003 90002 A. -pressure porosity is formed 90003 90002 B. -gas porosity is formed 90003 90002 C. -granular porosity is formed, 90003 90002 D. -the color of plastic changes 90003 90002 E.+ Microcracks occur 90003 90002 90003 90002 2. The patient, 57, is made a removable plate prosthesis for the upper jaw. On clinical and laboratory stages of its manufacture dental wax is used. Which group is the material related? 90003 90002 A. -insulation 90003 90002 B. -forming 90003 90002 C. -polishing 90003 90002 D. + modeling 90003 90002 E. -impression 90003 90002 90003 90002 3. A patient, 73, addressed to the clinic with complaints of poor fixation of complete removable dentures, manufactured 10 years ago.On check-up: reducing the lower third of the face, a large uniform atrophy of the alveolar processes. Oclussion surface of artificial teeth is almost completely erased. After how many years of use removable dentures patient should change them. 90003 90002 A. -7-10 years 90003 90002 B. -7-8 years 90003 90002 C. -1-2 years 90003 90002 D. -9-10 years 90003 90002 E. + 3-4 years 90003 90002 90003 90002 4.Patient, 70, complaines of a lack of fixation of complete removable dentures on the upper jaw.Objectively: the edge of the prosthesis in the frenulum of the upper jaw is shortened, the locking valve is broken. What should be done to improve the fixation of the prosthesis. 90003 90002 A. + Denture reproduction 90003 90002 B. -Denture correction 90003 90002 C. -Expansion of denture basis edges 90003 90002 D. Extansion of denture basis edges 90003 90002 E. -Volumetric modeling of denture basis 90003 90002 90003 90002 5. The patient, 70, is made complete removable dentures for the upper and lower jaws.Formulation of artificial teeth produced by the method of Vasiliev. What kind of teeth in the upper denture inappropriately must not touch the glass. 90003 90002 A. -Canines and first molars, 90003 90002 B. -central incisors and first molars, 90003 90002 C. first and second premolars 90003 90002 D. + lateral incisors and second molars, 90003 90002 E. -second premolars and first molars 90003 90002 90003 90002 6. Patient, 47, is made complete removable dentures for the upper and lower jaws.The review stage of their construction shows protrusion of the upper lip. What stage was a mistake on? 90003 90002 A. -Determining the height of the lower third of the face 90003 90002 B. + The formation of the vestibular surface of the bite roller, 90003 90002 C. -Forming the occlusal plane 90003 90002 D. -Determination of the height of the upper bite roller 90003 90002 E. -Central occlusion fixation 90003 90002 90003 90002 7.A patient, 73, addressed to the prosthodontics clinic at the basis of fracture of complete removable dentures on the upper jaw. The prosthesis was made a year ago, of satisfactory quality. What plastics must be used to fix the prosthesis in this patient. 90003 90002 A. -Carboplast 90003 90002 B. + Protacril- 90003 90002 C. -Bacrel 90003 90002 D. -Etacril 90003 90002 E. -Ftorax 90003 90002 90003 90002 8. The patient, 70, with complete loss of teeth on the upper and lower jaws, is made complete removable dentures.Teeth setting will be conducted according to individual occlusal surfaces (the method of Napadov and Sapozhnikov). What material should rollers be made from for individual occlusal surfaces ?. 90003 90002 A. -Adhesive wax 90003 90002 B. -Plastic 90003 90002 C. -Lavax 90003 90002 D. + waxabrasiv 90003 90002 E. -Stens 90003 90002 90003 90002 90317 Man must build 90318 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 Read the text 90003 90002 Man Must Build 90003 90002 90003 90002 Early builders were at first concerned almost entirely with constructing shelters against rain, cold, wild beasts, and human foes.Later, as their civilizations developed, they built temples, council chambers 90113 1 90114, bazaars, and palaces. They took a special delight in erecting pyramids, towers, obelisks, coliseums, and the like. 90003 90002 The story of modern structures is the story of the break from the materials of the past. Great and noble structures were built in brick, timber, and particularly in stone, but now steel and concrete have largely replaced them. With these newer materials we can build to greater heights, span wider gaps, and carry heavier loadings than ever before.In many countries today, mountainous masses of steel and concrete are reaching to the skies on a scale undreamed of in earlier times. Engineers have been able to do this because the rise of the science of structures and the advent of steel and concrete have enabled them to conceive and build their buildings and their structures as frameworks. 90003 90002 Before this, the walls of buildings were «bearing» walls: they carried the dead weight and the live load of the structure. The modern large building, however, is essentially a framework or skeleton of steel or concrete that supports the roof and floors.The outside walls are enclosing or «curtain» walls, and often their weight at each floor is also taken by the framework. So the «sidewalk superintendent, » gaping curiously at the busy scene on a building site, may see the walls rising simultaneously from the ground and midway between roof and ground. Since the walls do not earn ‘the structure, they are sometimes made of glass or plastic. 90003 90002 When the lift-slab method was first devised, some people described it as a way of constructing a building from the top downward.The description, however fanciful, draws attention to the novelty of the system. The method does, nevertheless, give an excellent illustration of the framework principle employed in most modern buildings. 90003 90002 One begins by constructing the various floors and the roof on top of one another, and around the columns, at ground level. These are then lifted by powerful hydraulic jacks to their correct positions in the structure, and permanently connected to the columns. In the case of a nine-storey building, the columns may be erected in three stages, and the tops of each stage temporarily braced together by the ascending roof.As the roof and higher floors move upward, they leave behind lower floors which, secured to the columns, serve to brace them permanently together. In this type of structure, therefore, the floors and the roof serve the added purpose of forming part .of the framework. When roof and floors are all finally in place and connected to the columns, the protective walls can be built up from ground level. 90003 90002 In large buildings, the civil engineer’s main task is the design of frameworks and foundations.90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 90349 90350 90351 90352 90003 90002 90349 90356 90352 90003 90002 Left, model by Mies van der Rohe for a glass skyscraper, 1920. Right, Tokyo hotel designed by Frank Lloyd Wright; it rents on a concrete raft (diagram). 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 Where a building is supported by its walls, the weight is spread out over a large area. This gives relatively low pressures on the ground and makes foundation work easy.But in a modern building framework, the load is carried by a small number of columns, which leads to highly concentrated ground pressure. Hence the foundations must be strong, particularly if the ground is weak. 90003 90002 If the ground is reasonably firm, it is often enough to place the columns on spread footings. These are blocks of concrete of such area as to spread the load to within the carrying strength of the ground. On soft ground, a building is sometimes put on a concrete raft, which is a footing covering the whole ground plan area.A building on its raft is virtually floating on the ground beneath. A method often used is to drive a number of piles under each column foundation. The piles are made long enough to rest on the hard ground below the soft surface. The building is then literally on stilts. Another method is to carry the columns on fairly large diameter cylinders sunk deeply into the ground. 90003 90002 90003 90002 Below, the Empire State Building lowers above: he skyscrapers of New York. 90003 90002 90349 90375 90352 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 II.Answer the following questions. 90003 90002 1) What factors have led to the revolution in the «history of modern structures»? 90003 90002 2) Why is the framework principle used widely in modern constructions? 90003 90002 3) How does the «lift- slab» method work? 90003 90002 4) Why is it necessary for civil engineers to pay special attention to the design of frameworks and foundations? 90003 90002 5) What types of foundations are mentioned in the text? 90003 90002 90003 90002 III.Describe the types of foundation works given in the text. Determine what conditions must be considered to choose the right type of foundation works. 90003 90002 90003 90002 IV. Are these statements true or false? 90003 90002 Correct the wrong statements. 90003 90002 1. The outside walls of new buildings are «bearing walls». 90003 90002 2. The weight of the outside walls is taken by the foundations. 90003 90002 3. «The lift -slab» method consists in the construction of the frame and floors on the top level.90003 90002 4. The structure of the ground under the construction should be thoroughly examined. 90003 90002 5. It is enough to place the columns on spread footings if the ground is firm. 90003 90002 90003 90002 V. Complete the sentences using an appropriate link. 90003 90002 90003 90420 90421 90422 1. Engineers have been able to achieve new results 2. The walls of the buildings were bearing walls 3. We can build to greater heights, span wider gaps 4.In a mass construction the building is supported by its walls 5. In a modern building the foundations must be strong 90423 90422 due to therefore since thus because 90423 90422 a) The rise of the science of structure and the advent of steel and concrete have enabled them to build their structures as frameworks. b) The weight is spread out over a large area. c) The load is carried by 90349 90352 a small number of columns.d) Advanced techniques in building and progressive building materials e) They carried the dead weight and the live load of the structure 90423 90430 90431 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 VI. Match the word from column A to its synonym in column B. 90003 90002 A B 90003 90002 1. to substitute a) to place 90003 90002 2 90349. 90352 to carry the load b) to replace 90003 90002 3. to invent c) to support 90003 90002 4.to settle d) to devise 90003 90002 5. to uphold e) to bear 90003 90002 90003 90002 Fill in the gaps with the words from column A. 90003 90002 1. New materials _______ the old ones and with these materials we can build to greater heights 90003 90002 and ______ the greater_______. 90003 90002 2. When the lift-slab method was first _______, some people described it as a way of constructing a building from the top downward. 90003 90002 3.The protective walls can be built up from ground level, when roof and floors, are finally 90003 90002 4. As a mass construction is _____________by its walls, the weight is spread out over a large 90003 90002 area. 90003 90002 90003 90002 VII. Translate into English the following word combinations. Use them in the statements of your own. 90003 90002 90003 90002 VIII. A) Fill in the gaps with appropriate words. 90003 90002 90003 90420 90421 90422 ground, foundations, skyscrapers, support, steel frames, hung, occurs, strong vibration, level of the tunnels, underlying 90423 90430 90431 90002 90003 90002 A study of some of New York’s ______________ would convince you that in modern buildings the walls no longer act as ______________.To overcome ______________ from subway trains passing near the ______________, the ___________ are taken down below the______________and anchored in the solid rock____________ Manhattan. The walls are______________on the frame, but they do not touch the______________where the vibration______________. The Waldport Astoria Hotel is a good example of it. 90003 90002 90003 90002 B) Put the word given in brackets into the necessary word form. 90003 90002 The Pirelli skyscraper in Milan is of most modern concrete design.A tall shaft, 32 storage (height) is cigar (shape). Four mass columns (extension) across the structure and present the (solve) to the difficult wind (resist) problems. Special account was taken of the severe (torsion) strains to which such a delicately proportioned building is subject. In order to check the (calculate) a 1/15 90113 th 90114 scale model was tested. And now the finished structure stands, giving (express) to the words of a (fame) French architect who spoke of the (accumulate) of very beautiful things in which economic law reigns (supremacy) and (exact) is joined to (imagine) .That is beauty. 90003 90002 90003 90002 IX. Read the texts again and think of the main problems of these constructions and the engineering solutions to these problems. 90003 90002 90003 90002 X. Study some properties of steel and concrete. 90003 90420 90421 90422 steel concrete 90423 90422 has the property of 90423 90422 high tensile strength high compressive strength 90423 90430 90421 90422 90423 90422 90423 90422 90423 90430 90421 90422 this means 90423 90422 it can resist 90423 90422 high tensile forces high compressive forces 90423 90430 90431 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 XI.There are 3 types of building constructions read the decide which paragraph discusses. 90003 90002 90003 90002 a) a mass construction 90003 90002 b) a frame construction 90003 90002 c) a planar construction 90003 90002 Building materials are used in two basic ways. In the first way they are used to support the loads on a building and in the second way they are used to divide the space in a building. Building components are made from building materials and the form of a component is related to the way in which it is used.We can see how this works by considering three different types f construction: 90003 90002 1. In one kind of construction, blocks of materials such as brick, stone, or concrete are put together to form solid walls. These materials are heavy, however, they can support the structural loads because they have the property of high compressive strength. Walls made up of blocks both support the building and divide the space in the building. 90003 90002 90549 90003 90002 90552 90003 90002 lanar construction 90003 90002 Mass construction 90003 90002 2.In another type of construction, sheet materials are used to form walls which act as both space-dividers and structural support. Timber, concrete and some plastics can be made into large rigid sheets and fixed together to form a building. These buildings are lighter and faster to construct than buildings made up of blocks. 90003 90002 3. Rod materials, on the other hand, can be used for structural support but not for dividing spaces. Timber, steel and concrete can be formed into rods and used as columns.Rod materials with high tensile and compressive strength can be fixed together to form framed structures. The spaces between the rods can be filled with light sheet materials which act as space dividers but do not support structural loads. 90003 90002 90003 90002 XII. Say whether these statements are true or false. Correct the false statements. 90003 90002 90003 90002 1. Rod materials can be used for both dividing space and supporting the building. 90003 90002 2.Concrete is used as a block material, a sheet material and a rod material. 90003 90002 3. Steel is used for frame constructions because it has a property of high tensile strength and low compressive strength. 90003 90002 4. The sheet materials, which act as space dividers in a frame building are light because they do not support structural loads. 90003 90002 5. Mass construction buildings are light whereas planar constructions are heavy. 90003 90002 90003 90580 90002 Date: 2014-12-22; view: 1611 90003 90580.